Bufei Yishen formula protects the airway epithelial barrier and ameliorates COPD by enhancing autophagy through the Sirt1/AMPK/Foxo3 signaling pathway.

"Declaration Competing interestsThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential competing interest. Competing interests The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential competing interest."

"Funding Joint Fund for Science and Technology Research of Henan Province (No. 222301420020, 22301420070). National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC3502600, 2018YFC1704806). National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 82274274, 81973822, 81603473). Chinese inheritance and innovation team of Chinese medicine (No. ZYYCXTD-C-202206). Zhengzhou Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Project (No. XTCX2021-05)."