The effect of combining an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist on human airway epithelial cells in vitro.

"Declarations Ethical approvalNot applicable. Competing interestsMGM participated as a faculty member and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of ABC Farmaceutici, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Chiesi Farmaceutici, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis, was a consultant to Chiesi Farmaceutici and GSK, and her department was funded by GSK and Novartis. CC received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi and Novartis, and support for attending meetings and/or travel received from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi and Novartis. LC has participated as advisor in scientific meetings under the sponsorship of Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis, received nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, received a research grant partially funded by Chiesi Farmaceutici, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Almirall; has been a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, Edmond Pharma, Zambon, Verona Pharma, and Ockham Biotech; his department was funded by Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Novartis, and Zambon. MC participated as a faculty member and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of Abdi Ibrahim, Alkem, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Cipla, Eurodrug, GSK, Glenmark, Lallemand, Mankind Pharma, Menarini Group, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Recipharm, Sanofi, Teva, Verona Pharma and Zambon, and is or was a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, AstraZeneca, Chiesi Farmaceutici, GSK, Lallemand, Novartis, Ockham Biotech, Recipharm, Verona Pharma and Zambon. CP has acted as a consultant to Eurodrug, Recipharm, Glycosynnovation and PrEP Biopharma, and also holds equity in Verona Pharma. BR and CB declare no conflict of interest. Competing interests MGM participated as a faculty member and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of ABC Farmaceutici, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Chiesi Farmaceutici, GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis, was a consultant to Chiesi Farmaceutici and GSK, and her department was funded by GSK and Novartis. CC received honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi and Novartis, and support for attending meetings and/or travel received from AstraZeneca, GSK, Sanofi and Novartis. LC has participated as advisor in scientific meetings under the sponsorship of Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis, received nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, received a research grant partially funded by Chiesi Farmaceutici, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and Almirall; has been a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, Edmond Pharma, Zambon, Verona Pharma, and Ockham Biotech; his department was funded by Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Novartis, and Zambon. MC participated as a faculty member and advisor in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of Abdi Ibrahim, Alkem, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Cipla, Eurodrug, GSK, Glenmark, Lallemand, Mankind Pharma, Menarini Group, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Recipharm, Sanofi, Teva, Verona Pharma and Zambon, and is or was a consultant to ABC Farmaceutici, AstraZeneca, Chiesi Farmaceutici, GSK, Lallemand, Novartis, Ockham Biotech, Recipharm, Verona Pharma and Zambon. CP has acted as a consultant to Eurodrug, Recipharm, Glycosynnovation and PrEP Biopharma, and also holds equity in Verona Pharma. BR and CB declare no conflict of interest."

"Funding Funding/Product/both for this study was provided by GSK [Study 214746]. GSK was offered the opportunity to provide a courtesy review of the preliminary version of this publication for accuracy only, but the authors are solely responsible for final content and interpretation."