Costs-effectiveness and cost components of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions affecting antibiotic resistance outcomes in hospital patients: a systematic literature review.

"Competing interests: EU declares to have received research grant support from ANID/FONDECYT, ANID/FONDAP, CIFAR and MSD. All other authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."

"Funding: This research was supported by a full scholarship provided by the Asociación Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) through the Beca de Doctorado en el Extranjero Becas Chile (grant 73200098) to KA; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico FONDECYT (Grant 1211933) and the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo ANID/FONDAP CIGIDEN (Grant 1522A0005) to EU. KBP is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency (UK HSA) (NIHR200915). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of author-affiliated institutions, including (but not limited to) the UK Health Security Agency or the Department of Health and Social Care. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection or interpretation, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the paper for publication."

"Conclusion: Robust information on ABR interventions is critical for efficient resource allocation. We highlight cost-effective strategies for mitigating ABR in hospitals, emphasising substantial knowledge gaps, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Our study serves as a resource for guiding future cost-effectiveness study design and analyses.: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020341827 and CRD42022340064"