Comorbidity and household income as mediators of gender inequalities in dementia risk: a real-world data population study.

"Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participateThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008, and received approval from the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi with registration number PI2021085. Given the anonymized nature of the database, the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi waived the requirement of the signature of the informed consents. Consent for publicationNot Applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Authors’ informationThe group of authors is made up of epidemiologists, clinicians, and computer engineers with complementary profiles. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding The study was funded by the Carlos III Research Institute (Grant number PI21/01405) and co-funded by the European Union. The funding sources had no involvement in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article."

"A retrospective and observational (real-world data) study was conducted to identify all primary care and hospital diagnoses of people over the age of 60 years registered in the database of the Basque Health Service in Gipuzkoa as of 1 January 2022 and 1 January 2021. Gipuzkoa is a province of Basque Country with a total population of 716,616 inhabitants. We relied on the Oracle Analytics Server (OAS) (Basque Country), which has anonymously stored administrative, laboratory, pharmaceutical and clinical data for all users of public health services in all primary care centres and hospitals (outpatient, emergency, and hospitalisation) since 2003. From this source, we directly obtained the variables necessary to identify dementia cases and all diagnoses included in the comorbidity score. Access to the Basque Health Service is universal for all residents based on a Beveridge model. However, 20% of the population has complementary private insurance. As private insurance does not reimburse pharmacy prescriptions, individuals with dual coverage make use of both healthcare delivery systems. Therefore, the OAS database shows a high representativeness of the Basque population. The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC) of the Basque Country with registration number PI2021085. Declarations: Ethical approval and consent to participateThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008, and received approval from the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi with registration number PI2021085. Given the anonymized nature of the database, the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi waived the requirement of the signature of the informed consents.: Consent for publicationNot Applicable.: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.: Authors’ informationThe group of authors is made up of epidemiologists, clinicians, and computer engineers with complementary profiles. Ethical approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008, and received approval from the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi with registration number PI2021085. Given the anonymized nature of the database, the Ethics and Clinical Research Committee of Euskadi waived the requirement of the signature of the informed consents."