Tailoring therapeutics via a systematic beneficial elements comparison between photosynthetic bacteria-derived OMVs and extruded nanovesicles.

"Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32322045, 32271420, 31971304, and 21977024). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project (19JCZDJC64100). Cross-Disciplinary Project of Hebei University (DXK201916). One Hundred Talent Project of Hebei Province (E2018100002). National High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan (G2022003007L). Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2021201038). Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2023201108). Hebei Province Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project (JZX2023001). Tingshan Xiao: Writing – original draft, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Yichuan Ma: Writing – original draft, Investigation, Formal analysis. Ziyang Zhang: Writing – original draft, Investigation. Yixin Zhang: Writing – review & editing, Investigation. Yu Zhao: Writing – review & editing, Investigation. Xiaohan Zhou: Methodology, Investigation. Xueyi Wang: Methodology, Investigation. Kun Ge: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Junshu Guo: Methodology, Investigation. Jinchao Zhang: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Resources, Funding acquisition. Zhenhua Li: Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. Huifang Liu: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Validation, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Conceptualization."