Extracellular matrix stiffness as an energy metabolism regulator drives osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells.

"Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."

"This work was supported by 10.13039/501100001809National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 32171310, 11972067, U20A20390, 11827803, 12332019]. Jing Na: Writing – original draft, Visualization, Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Conceptualization. Zhijie Yang: Validation, Methodology, Data curation. Qiusheng Shi: Validation, Methodology. Chiyu Li: Software, Methodology. Yu Liu: Validation, Methodology. Yaxin Song: Visualization, Software. Xinyang Li: Visualization, Software. Lisha Zheng: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization. Yubo Fan: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Conceptualization."