Genetic insights of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Mali and phylogeographic patterns in Northern and Western Africa.

"sequences generated in this study were submitted to genbank (accession numbers: or133241-or133296).; data availability all malian h9n2 genome sequences are available on genbank under accession numbers: or133241-or133296 ( https://www ncbi nlm nih gov/nuccore/ ) h9n2 genome sequences used in this study are available on the gisaid database ( http://www gisaid org ). data availability all malian h9n2 genome sequences are available on genbank under accession numbers: or133241"

"the beast 1 xml file used to perform the phylogeographic analysis and the r scripts are available from https://github com/claireguinat/h9n2_continous_phylo git ."

"Conflict of interest: None declared."

"This study was funded by Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement through Initiative Transformer les Systèmes Alimentaires et l’Agriculture par la Recherche en partenariat avec l’Afrique (TSARA) and Ecole nationale des services vétérinaires-France - Vétérinaire international (ENSV-FVI) Grant. I.N.S was supported by a PhD scholarship from the French Embassy in Mali. We gratefully acknowledge all data contributors, i.e. the authors and their originating laboratories responsible for obtaining the specimens and their Submitting laboratories for generating the genetic sequence and sharing via the GISAID Initiative, on which this research is based."