Effects of telerehabilitation-based respiratory and corrective exercises among the elderly with thoracic hyper-kyphosis: a clinical trial.

"additional file 1: supplementary1. the raw data"

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThe study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabatab'i University (ATU) (ethical code: IR.ATU.REC.1400.012) and registered with the IRCT registration number: IRCT20180626040244N3, Date: 08/10/2022. The written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Moreover, the authors confirm that all methods were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations. Consent for publicationInformed consent for publication of identifying images was obtained for online open-access publication. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding No funding was obtained for this study."

"In this randomized clinical study, a total of older adults with THK were randomly assigned to either intervention (N = 20) or control groups (N = 20) based on simple block randomization (by blocking the number of participants on 20 persons in each group). The participants enrolled in the study voluntarily in response to call posters displayed in medical centers for the elderly living in Tabriz city. It was not a prerequisite for the study participants to have been diagnosed with THK before their enrollment. The elderly who were frequent visitors to medical centers for regular health check-ups and showed interest in participating in the study contacted the researchers to inquire about joining the study. Following this, the volunteers were invited to an introductory meeting where they were provided with an overview of the study's inclusion and exclusion criteria and a detailed explanation of the research methods and collaboration procedures. 40 out of 205 volunteers evaluated were selected to participate in the study. This study had no concealment before the allocation of subjects to groups. In this study, the sample size was estimated by employing G*Power version 3.1 based on a previous study investigating the effects of corrective exercises on physical function in both groups []. At least a total sample size (n = 22) was required to achieve the 80% statistical power at a 95% confidence interval and by considering the effect size of 1.27. To eliminate the possible effect of dropouts and enhance the statistical power, we decided to recruit 40 participants. A blinded researcher was responsible for randomization by using a table of random numbers. We included adults aged ≥ 60 with a TK angle of more than 40◦ [] without participation in any regular exercise routines during the past year. The study exclusion criteria were a history of any neuromuscular diseases that affected the participants' balance, osteoporosis diagnosed with the bone densitometry test, presence of back pain, a history of osteoarthritis, falls while walking, cancers and chemotherapy, the long-term use of corticosteroids medication, obvious spinal malalignments according to Nordic screening tool [], visual or hearing disorders, surgical procedures on spine and lumbopelvic, and reluctance for participating in the experiment. Firstly, the study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabataba'i University (ATU) (ethical code: IR.ATU.REC.1400.012) and registered with the IRCT registration number: IRCT20180626040244N3, Date: 08/10/2022. All participants gave the written informed consent to participate in the study. The authors confirmed that all research was performed under relevant guidelines/regulations. Declarations: Ethics approval and consent to participateThe study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabatab'i University (ATU) (ethical code: IR.ATU.REC.1400.012) and registered with the IRCT registration number: IRCT20180626040244N3, Date: 08/10/2022. The written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Moreover, the authors confirm that all methods were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations.: Consent for publicationInformed consent for publication of identifying images was obtained for online open-access publication.: Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Allameh Tabatab'i University (ATU) (ethical code: IR.ATU.REC.1400.012) and registered with the IRCT registration number: IRCT20180626040244N3, Date: 08/10/2022. The written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Moreover, the authors confirm that all methods were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations."