Associations of concomitant medications with immune-related adverse events and survival in advanced cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis.

"associations of the use of probiotics with that of antibiotics ppis or corticosteroids are shown in online supplemental table s1 which demonstrates a significant correlation between the use of probiotics with each of the three drugs10 1136/jitc-2024-008806 supp2 supplementary data 10 1136/jitc-2024-008806 supp1 supplementary data 10 1136/jitc-2024-008806 supp3 supplementary data table 1 patients' characteristics (n=851) parameter value age years median (iqr) 70 5 (62 2-76 6) sex no (%) male 609 (71 6) female 242 (28 4) bmi kg/m 2 median (iqr) 21 2 (18 9-24 1) ecog ps no (%) <=1 793 (93 2) >=2 58 (6 8) tumor type no (%) gi cancer 249 (29 3) gu cancer 152 (17 9) lung cancer 130 (15 3) others320 (37 6) tumor status no (%) unresectable 364 (42 8) relapse 487 (57 2) visceral metastasis no (%) 725 (85 2) treatment line no (%) first line 316 (37 1) second line or beyond 535 (62 9) type of treatment no (%) anti-pd-1/pd-l1/ctla-4 monotherapy 522 (61 3) anti-pd-1/pd-l1+ anti-ctla-4 55 (6 5) anti-pd-1/pd-l1+ chemotherapy 133 (15 6) anti-pd-1/pd-l1+ molecular targeted therapy 128 (15 0) anti-pd-1/pd-l1+ chemotherapy + molecular targeted therapy 6 (0 7) anti-pd-1/pd-l1+ anti-ctla-4 + chemotherapy 7 (0 8) concomitant medications no (%) antibiotics (score=1) 259 (30 4) ppis (score=1) 411 (48 3) corticosteroids (score=2) 187 (22 0) probiotics144 (16 9) drug score no (%) good (total score=0) 276 (32 4) intermediate (total score=1-2) 439 (51 6) poor (total score=3-4) 136 (16 0) occurrence of iraes no (%) 320 (37 6) bmi body mass index; ctla-4 cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated antigen 4; gi gastrointestinal; gu genitourinary; iraes immune-related adverse events; pd-1 programmed cell death 1; pd-l1 programmed cell death ligand 1; ppis proton pump inhibitors; ecog ps eastern cooperative oncology group performance status."

"Competing interests: Professor Sebastiano Buti has received honoraria for speaking at scientific events and advisory roles from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Merck, Eisai, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer and research funding from Novartis and Pfizer, outside the present work. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests."

"Funding: The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors."