Effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the copper IUD and the levonorgestrel implant on testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone levels: ancillary study of the ECHO randomized clinical trial.

"Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participateThe original ECHO Trial was approved by ethics committees at all the participating sites [13]. All participants gave written informed consent to participate. The application for additional tests on stored biological samples was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, University of the Witwatersrand on 6 May 2019, reference 141112. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publicationNot applicable. Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests."

"Funding This work and the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Study were made possible by the combined generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant OPP1032115), the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-OAA-A-15–00045), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Grant 2017/762965–0), the South Africa Medical Research Council, and the United Nations Population Fund. Contraceptive supplies were donated by the Government of South Africa and US Agency for International Development. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views, decisions or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated, the ECHO trial funders, or the supporting governments. The South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) under the SAMRC Research Capacity Development Initiative (RCDI) Programme funded this ancillary study."

"ECHO trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02550067 15/09/2015."