Long access heroin self-administration significantly alters gut microbiome composition and structure.

"the raw data supporting the conclusions of this article was deposited in the sra database bioproject # prjna1066745."

"Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."

"The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The heroin self-administration studies were supported by NIDA grant 5U01DA045300. The gut microbiome sequencing and analyses studies were supported by Department of Veterans Affairs grants 1 IS1 BX005515, 1 IK6 RX002419, and 5 IK6 RX002419, and by the Lycaki-Young Fund from the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine."