CD38 ecto-enzyme in immune cells is induced during aging and regulates NAD⁺ and NMN levels.

"Competing Interests Statement: Dr. Chini holds a patent on the use of CD38 inhibitors for metabolic diseases that is licensed by Elysium health. E.N.C is a consultant for TeneoBio, Calico, Mitobridge and Cyokinetics. E.N.C is on the advisory board of Eolo Pharma (Santa Fe, Argentina) W.v.S. is the Chief Scientific Officer of Teneobio, a company interested in the development of therapeutic antibodies. W.v.S, K.D., E.N.C, and S.C own stocks of Teneobio. J.L.K., T.T., J.M.vD., and D.J.B. have a financial interest related to this research: patents on transgenic animals capable of being induced to delete senescent cells are held by Mayo Clinic. J.L.K., T.T., D.J.B. and J.M.v.D. are co-inventors on patent applications licensed to or filed by Unity Biotechnology, a company developing senolytic medicines, including small molecules that selectively eliminate senescent cells. J.M.v.D. is a co-founder of Unity Biotechnology. J.M.S. is a cofounder of Transposon Therapeutics, Inc., serves as Chair of its Scientific Advisory Board, and consults for Astellas Innovation Management LLC, Atropos Therapeutics, Inc. and Gilead Sciences, Inc. J.D.R. is a member of the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and of the University of Pennsylvania Diabetes Research Center; a co-founder and stockholder in VL54, Sofro, and Raze Therapeutics; and advisor and stockholder in Agios Pharmaceuticals, Kadmon Pharmaceuticals, Bantam Pharmaceuticals, Colorado Research Partners, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and L.E.A.F. Pharmaceuticals. J.B. has intellectual property related to the use of NAD precursors in liver regeneration. All other authors declare no conflict of interest. This research has been reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest Review Board and is being conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic Conflict of Interest policies."

"This work was supported in part by grants from the Diller Family Foundation, Ted Nash Long Life Foundation, the Glenn Foundation for Medical Research via the Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging at the Mayo Clinic (E.N.C, J.M.v.D. and D.B), sponsored research funding from Calico Life Sciences LLC, the Mayo and Noaber Foundations, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Aging (NIA) grants AG-26094 (E.N.C), AG58812 (E.N.C.), CA233790 (E.N.C), AG13925 (J.L.K.), AG057493 (J.M.v.D.), AG016694 (J.M.S.), and P01 AG051449 (J.M.S)."