Vitamin B₁₂ is a limiting factor for induced cellular plasticity and tissue repair.

"data availability all sequencing data are deposited under the following gene expression omnibus accessions: gse154149 microbial genome analysis from oskm and wt mice pretreatment and after 7 d of 1 mg ml -1 treatment with doxycycline in the drinking water; gse200578 chip-seq of h3k36me3 samples of oskm reprogramming mefs treated with b 12 ; gse200579 rna-seq samples of oskm reprogrammable mefs treated with or without vitamin b 12 ; gse232382 rna-seq samples of oskm reprogrammable mefs treated with vitamin b 12 and/or various compounds to modulate sam or histone methylation. data availability all sequencing data are deposited under the following gene expression omnibus accessions: gse154149"

"Competing interests G.K. holds research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Tollys and Vascage. G.K. is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. G.K. is a scientific cofounder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio. G.K. is on the scientific advisory boards of Hevolution, Institut Servier and Longevity Vision Funds. G.K. is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. G.K.’s wife, L. Zitvogel, has held research contracts with Glaxo Smyth Kline, Incyte, Lytix, Kaleido, Innovate Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Pilege, Merus, Transgene, 9 m, Tusk and Roche, was on the on the Board of Directors of Transgene, is a cofounder of everImmune, and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. G.K.’s brother, R. Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer-Ingelheim. M.K. has ongoing or completed research contracts with Galapagos, Rejuveron Senescence Therapeutics and Mesoestetic. D.C. is an employee of Fenix Group International. M.S. is shareholder of Senolytic Therapeutics, Life Biosciences, Rejuveron Senescence Therapeutics, and Altos Labs. M.S. was consultant until the end of 2022 of Rejuveron Senescence Therapeutics and Altos Labs. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The other authors declare no competing interests."

"We are grateful to M. I. Muñoz for assistance with the animal protocols, to the IRB Functional Genomics Unit and CRG/CNAG for library preparation and genomic sequencing, and to the IRB (Functional Genomics, Biostatistics/Bioinformatics, and Histopathology) and PCB (Animal House) core facilities for general research support. M.K. was funded by the Barcelona Institute of Science and technology (BIST) and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC; POSTD18020SERR) and supported by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). F.P. is supported by a Karolinska Institute Starting Grant, Starting Grant from the Swedish Research Council (2019_02050_3). G.K. is supported by the Ligue contre le Cancer (équipe labellisée); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR) – Projets blancs; AMMICa US23/CNRS UMS3655; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Cancéropôle Ile-de-France; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM); a donation by Elior; Equipex Onco-Pheno-Screen; European Joint Programme on Rare Diseases (EJPRD); European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award (ERC-2021-ADG, ICD-Cancer, grant no. 101052444), European Union Horizon 2020 Projects Oncobiome, Prevalung (grant no. 101095604) and Crimson; Fondation Carrefour; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Institut Universitaire de France; LabEx Immuno-Oncology (ANR-18-IDEX-0001); a Cancer Research ASPIRE Award from the Mark Foundation; the RHU Immunolife; Seerave Foundation; SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); and SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM). This study contributes to the IdEx Université de Paris ANR-18-IDEX-0001. Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the IRB, ‘laCaixa’ Foundation, and by grants from the Milky Way Research Foundation, the Spanish Ministry of Science co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF; SAF2017-82613-R), the European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622) and the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement of Catalonia (Grup de Recerca consolidat 2017 SGR 282)."